Nestled in the westernmost corner of West Java, Sukabumi is a region rich in history and culture. Its story spans thousands of years, from the ancient era of early human settlement to its emergence as a vital administrative and cultural center in Indonesia. This article explores the milestones that shaped Sukabumi’s identity.
Archaeological evidence indicates that human civilization in Sukabumi dates back at least 3,000 years. Research conducted by M. Fadhlan S.I. and Frandus Manurung uncovered Neolithic artifacts in the Jampang Tengah region, including polished stone tools like arrowheads and adzes. Sites such as Ciomas, Bukit Cikadu, and Panumbangan reveal Sukabumi as a hub for stone tool workshops, reflecting its importance in ancient times.
Further evidence of Sukabumi’s significance lies in its megalithic heritage. Monumental sites, including a nearly 4-meter-tall menhir in Cikakak’s Tugu Gede Cengkuk Site, suggest that the area served as a major prehistoric worship center.
Sukabumi’s historical prominence became more apparent during the Hindu-Buddhist era. Ancient manuscripts such as Carita Parahyangan and Bujangga Manik describe the region, particularly Jampang, as a kabuyutan, or sacred area. Notably, Bunisora Suradipati, a ruler of the Galuh Kingdom, spent his retirement in Jampang, earning the title Batara Guru.
By the 11th century, Sukabumi’s religious and administrative importance was cemented with the discovery of the Sanghyang Tapak Inscription. Issued in 1030 AD by King Sri Jayabhupati, the inscription designated parts of Sukabumi as sacred, restricting fishing activities in the Cicatih River.
During the early colonial period, Sukabumi came under the administrative umbrella of the Cianjur Regency. Its fertile lands became a center for coffee cultivation under the Dutch East India Company (VOC). By 1713, Sukabumi had established itself as a leading coffee supplier, producing robusta coffee introduced by Abraham van Riebeck.
The 19th century brought significant changes under British and Dutch rule. Thomas Stamford Raffles introduced a land rent system, leading to the sale of unclaimed lands. One of the most prominent landowners, Andries de Wilde, acquired vast territories in Sukabumi in 1813. His influence reshaped the region, transforming Tjikole into Soekaboemi in 1815.
De Wilde’s growing power challenged the authority of the Regent of Cianjur. In 1819, he proposed relocating the Priangan Residency capital from Cianjur to Bandung, a move that weakened Cianjur’s influence and bolstered Sukabumi’s autonomy.
By the late 19th century, Sukabumi had evolved into a semi-independent administrative region. In 1870, it became an independent afdeling (district), with seven subdistricts under its jurisdiction. Unlike traditional regency deputies, Sukabumi’s patih reported directly to an assistant resident, reflecting its growing administrative independence.
Sukabumi officially became a regency in 1921, separating from Cianjur Regency through a decree issued by the Dutch East Indies government. This marked a turning point in Sukabumi’s governance, with R.A.A. Soejanatabrata appointed as its first regent. Six districts, including Sukabumi City, Cicurug, and Pelabuhan Ratu, were transferred from Cianjur to Sukabumi, solidifying its status as an independent administrative entity.
From its ancient roots to its modern development, Sukabumi has been a crossroads of culture, religion, and economic activity. Its strategic location and fertile lands have made it a center of innovation and transformation throughout history.
Today, Sukabumi stands as a testament to the resilience and adaptability of its people. Its rich heritage, marked by sacred sites, colonial influences, and cultural traditions, continues to inspire and shape the identity of the region.
Comments
Post a Comment